Fink Usage
Setting The Paths
To use the software installed in Fink's directory hierarchy, including the fink command itself, you must set your PATH environment variable (and some others) accordingly. Shell scripts are provided to do this for you. If you use tcsh, add the following to your .cshrc:
source /opt/sw/bin/init.csh
Editing .cshrc will only affect new shells (i.e. newly opened Terminal
windows), so you should also run this command in all Terminal windows
that you opened before you edited the file.
You'll also need to run rehash because tcsh caches the
list of available commands internally.
If you use a Bourne type shell (e.g. sh, bash, zsh), use instead:
source /opt/sw/bin/init.sh
Note that the scripts also add /usr/X11R6/bin and /usr/X11R6/man to your path so you can use X11 when it is installed. Packages have the ability to add settings of their own, e.g. the qt package sets the QTDIR environment variable.
Using Fink
Fink has several commands that work on packages. All of them need at least one package name, and all can handle several package names at once. You can specify just the package name (e.g. gimp), or a fully qualified name with a version number (e.g. gimp-1.2.1 or gimp-1.2.1-3). Fink will automatically choose the latest available version and revision when they are not specified.
What follows is a list of commands that Fink understands:
install
The install command is used to install packages. It downloads, configure, builds and installs the packages you name. It will also install required dependencies automatically, but will ask you for confirmation before it does so. Example:
fink install nedit Reading package info... Information about 131 packages read. The following additional package will be installed: lesstif Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Aliases for the install command: update, enable, activate, use. (Most of these for historic reasons.)
remove
The remove command removes packages from the system by calling 'dpkg --remove'. The current implementation has some flaws: It only works on packages Fink knows about (i.e. where an .info file is present); and it doesn't check dependencies itself but rather completly leaves that to the dpkg tool (usually this poses no problem, though).
The remove command only removes the actual package files, but leaves the .deb compressed package file intact. This means that you can re-install the package later without going through the compile process again. If you need the disk space, you can remove the .deb from the /opt/sw/fink/dists tree.
Aliases: disable, deactivate, unuse, delete, purge.
update-all
This command updates all installed packages to the latest version. It does not need a package list, so you just type:
fink update-all
list
This command produces a list of available packages, listing installation status, the latest version and a short description. If you call it without parameters, it will list all available packages. You can also pass a name or a shell pattern, and fink will list all packages that match.
The first column displays the installation state with the following meanings:
not installed i latest version is installed (i) installed, but a newer version is available
Some usage examples:
fink list - list all packages fink list bash - check if bash is available and what version fink list "gnome*" - list all packages that start with 'gnome'
The quotes in the last example are necessary to stop the shell from interpreting the pattern itself.
describe
This command displays a description of the package you name on the command line. Note that only a small part of the packages currently have a description.
Aliases: desc, description, info
fetch
Downloads the named packages, but does not install it. This command will download the tarballs even if they were downloaded before.
fetch-all
Downloads all package source files. Like fetch, this downloads the tarballs even when they were downloaded before.
fetch-missing
Downloads all package source files. This command will only download files that are not present on the system.
build
Builds a package, but does not install it. As usual, the source tarballs are downloaded if they can not be found. The result of this command is an installable .deb package file, which you can quickly install later with the install command. This command will do nothing if the .deb already exists. Note that dependencies are still installed, not just built.
rebuild
Builds a package (like the build command), but ignores and overwrites the existing .deb file. If the package is installed, the newly created .deb file will also be installed in the system via dpkg. Very useful during package development.
reinstall
Same as install, but will install the package via dpkg even when it is already installed. You can use this when you accidentally deleted package files or changed configuration files and want to get the default settings back.
configure
Reruns the Fink configuration process. This will let you change your mirror sites and proxy settings, among others.
selfupdate
This command automates the process of upgrading to a new Fink release. It checks the Fink website to see if a new version is available. It then downloads the package descriptions and updates the core packages, including fink itself. This command can only upgrade to regular releases, but you can use it to upgrade from a CVS version to a later regular release. It will refuse to run if you have /opt/sw/fink set up to get package descriptions directly from CVS.
Further Questions
If your questions are not answered by this document, read the FAQ at the Fink website: /faq/. If that still doesn't answer your questions, subscribe to the fink-users mailing list via /lists/fink-users.php and ask there.